James gr



j my dSe-wmng HUM?? Tummy- /l/f 7 30 Q/ Pden @ci fam. 7,

7W iin armer i @uiten t'atragatmt ffftrr'.

IA Mas `cfaar, 0F ALBA NY, v:Naw YORK.`

' Leners Parma N0. 73,091, daad January 7, 1868..

BAS-BURNING HOT-AIB. PURNAGB.

'ro ALL wucir rr 'Miur CONCERN:

Be it known that I, JAMES GRAY, of the city of Albany, in the county ofAlbany, and State of New',v`

York, have invcnteda new and improlvcd Base-Burning, Parlor, Portable,and Stationary Hot-Air Furnaces; and I do hereby declare that thefollowing is a full, clear, and exact descriptionv thereof, referencebeing had to the accompanying drawings making a part of thisspecicatiomjin which.-

Figure 1, sheet 1, is a front elevation of thevfurnacc.,

Figure 2 is a section taken from front'to' rear-,fand in a verticalplane through the centre of the furnace.

vFigure 3 is a section through the furnace, taken in th'c horizontalplane indicated by red line y y, g. 2,-

Figure 4 is a section taken .in the.horizontal plane w cv, iig. 2.

Figure, 5, sheet 2, is a section through the furnace, taken in avertical plane indicated by the course of red line y y in iig. 4. l

Figure 6 is a section taken in the course indicated by`red line e z iniig. 2.

Figures 7,8, and 9 ar'e views of the fire-brick section which is used atthe base'of the supply-cylinder.

Similarltters of reference indicate corresponding parts in the several'gures.

This invention relates in part. to certain .novel improvements on thebase-burning stove, for which Letters Patent were granted to me on the18th dayof October, .1864, which improvements are chiefly designed forimproving the operation and usefulness of such stove as a parlor-heater,and also to adapt it'for a hot-air fur. nace, for warming other`apartments than that in which it is placed.A

The object of the first4 part of my invention is to remedy a seriousobjection which is found toexist in base-burning furnaces or stoves, inwhich the coal-is fed to a fire-pot or chamber from a coal-supplycylinder or reservoir, in consequence'of the accumulation of gas in suchreservoir, which commingles with air when the reservoir is opened, andforms anexplosiv'e compound. This I avoid by forming a communicationbetween the upper part ofthe, reservoir and an'eXit-pipe, which willallow of the escape of all gas, and consequently prevent liability ofexplosion when the supply passage leading into the reservoir is openedforintroducing coal, and for other purposes, as will be hereinafterdescribed. y

Another objection in base-burning stoves is the-.admission of cold air,to be warmed, through the lowermost chambers or bases' of such stoves,.whichkeeps' thelower .parts thereof comparatively cool, and affordslittlev or no radiated'heat therefrom. This objection is removed bytakingin the'cold air to be warmed at a 'pointor points above the top ofthe re-pot, so that the heat which is radiated from the latter will warmthe lower part of the stove, as will be hereinafter described;

Another object of my invention is t'o obtaina more uniform distributionof heat throughout thenpper por.- tion ofthe stove, and to greatlyincrease the superficial area of heat-radiating surfaces; at the sametime to provide for readily cleaning the passages forthe products ofcombustion, and keeping these passages free from ashes and dust, as will-be hereinafter described.

Another object of Amy invention is to provide a draught-passage for theash-pit, which islregulated by a damper or valve, for preventing theescape of light ashes and dust into the room during. the shaking of thegrate, and also for affording means for regulating the draught of thestove, as will be hereinafter described.

Another object of my invention is to provide the lower termination ofthe coalr'eservoir with aprotection of removable iron, or of fire-brick,or other refractory substance, which extends below the lower end of thisreservoir, and forms aA contracted extension thereof below an annularair-heating chamber, as will be hereinafter described.

Another object of my invention is to provide, ina base-burning stove orfurnace, for a -free circulation of air through passages which aremade'through and across the annular smoke-chamber d, into the annularspace G, formed betweenvthe reservoir and'thc inner wall D, whichsurrounds a space in which the coal-reservoir is arranged, and which isalso extended above said reservoir, for tho purpose of augmenting theamount of heatingsurface, as will be hereinafter described.

, Another object-of my invention is tocombine with a coal-supplyreservoir, and an annular hollow openwork chamber, through which theproducts of combustion pass, an annular. casing, in such manner thatcool air,

admitted into such casing, will'b'e caused to 'circulate -through theopenings which are through said chamber,

andhecome heated before passin'g out of the casing, as will behereinafter-described.

raoul. 2 i l ,1

Another object of my invention is.to employ, in a base-burning hot-airfurnace, a chute or'passage, leading through one side ofthe externalcasing, and into the appel-'part oi' the coal-reservoir, so that coalcanfbe conveniently supplied to said reservoir through thesidc,fvinsteadlof through the top of lthe furnace, as will bohereinafter described.

To' enable others skilleduin the art to understand my invention, I' willdescribe its construction Vund operation.'

In the accompanying drawings,`A represents the base-placent4 thefurnace, upon which outerand inner walls a al are secured,.forming theash-pit, A1, Aand also an outerchamber, B,in'to which the passage bconducts cool air. On top of the ash-pit section is theoutwardly-'flaring' fire-pot, C, the bottom of which is a grate, C',that may be constructed in the well-known manner, with the exceptionthatiits shank or shakingbar can be made very short, in consequence ofthe largetlaring mouth ofthe ash-pit,- which' is formed bythe inclinedand arched platea, shown in figs'. 1, 2,' and 5.VA The' inner and lowestedge'of the arched plate a3 extendsnearly t0 the outer edge of thegrate, so that a very short shank can be conveniently used for shakingor tilting thev grate. The entrance to the ash-pit K will lne-providedwith a door, applied 'to the outer casing surroundingthe furnace. At theback of the ash-pit Alie an opening, which communicates with anascending due.,- A,gthat is provided with a damper, a3, and thatleads'into the combustion-chamber above the upperedge of theme-pot, C,as shownin figs. 2 and 6. Whenthe damper a3 is opened, there will-'be anupward draught through the flue A, which will carry oil' light dust fromthe vash-pit during the operation of shaking the grate. lThis flue-willalso .admit cool air into the combustion-chamber when the damper a3 isopened.

The upper edge of the fire-pot C has an outwardly-flaring rim, c, formedon it, to the outer edge of which an annular wall, D, is secured, whichforms, in conjunction with an inner wall, D', a smoke-chamber, having'its lower end opening into the {ire-space above. thc {ire-pot C,andsurrounding the' air-chamber G, and thence' through `the verticalcontracted passages ec, opening at their upper ends into a. a`hollowring, e', thence through the horizontal pipes d' cl' d' to the exit-pipeF', shown in figs, ,2, 8, andl.

The lower end of the inner wall D' is curved or contracted, and securedto the lower end of the coul,- reservoir E, so as to form an annularspace, G, between the reservoir and saidpwall D', as clearly shown yings. 2, 4, and 5. T he upper end of' this chamber' or 'space Gcommunicates withv the air-space G,'whoh is formed bx the externalcasing H, which encloses the entire heati11g-arrangement.- i ,y '1

The open-Work section F, which caps the annular smoke-chamber d, iscomposed of a number of vertical contracted passages, e e, opening attheir upper ends into a hollow ring, e', above the highest point of thecoal'- rcservoir, as shown in the drawings.v The'smoke orproducts ofcombustion is conducted oil' to the main or' central exit-Hue, F', bymeans of the radial pipes d'. .This mode'of constructing ltheopen-work'section -F a'ords Is. very large amount ofair-heating surface,and also concentrates the heat, by retarding the draught or escape ofthe heated products of combustion. It will be seen that the lmain flue Fis arranged over the'centre-y of the coalreservoir E, and thatcommunications are made with this flue by radial pipes, which are alsoarranged over the coal-reservoir, and form heatingfchambers for thesurrounding air. This arrangement of the duo yF will canse the heatedproducts of combustion rising from the tire-pot to ascend equally on allsides of the annularl chamber il, and through all o f the contractedApassages e c, so that every part ofl the furnace will be uniformlyheated. Below the open-worksection F, and: above the upper edge of thefire-pot C, circular or-v elliptical or other-shaped airpassages,ff, aremade through the two walls D D', and space d, for the purpose ofallowing of a circulation of anbetween Ithe space G and space G'. Thesepassagesf allow air from th'e chamber G t0 enter the space Gbelow'thesection F, and to become hea-ted hy'impingementnpon the inner wall D.

The external casing H, which encloses the entire he'ating-arrangcrnentVabove described, is provided nt its upper end with one or more hot-airvescape-lines, I, from which the heated air is conducted into upperapart. hments, or wherever desired, and it is alsoprovided withdoor-openings, K, L, and M, leading into the ash-pit section, into thecombustion-chamber or tire-pot, and also into the coal-reservoir. ThelatterA opening com;` municatcs with the coal-reservoir E through aninclined passage or chute, J', which is provided with a damper, 'g, bywhichthe,communication can be eut olf at pleasure. r This passage J'alsocommunicates' with. the flue F', through the hollowring e' updhorizontal-pipe ,orv pipes d', as shown inigs. 1, 2, and 5, so that whenthe damper g` is open, the gas from the coal-reservoir will be carriedolf into the'main duc. Y The passage leading into the chute J should beprovided with an outer door; so, also,.should the 'passage throughcgsing H,- which lleads into the combustion-chamber be provided with adoof. or window. "The cool air may bo admitted into the casing vHthrough the opening b, leading into the space surroundingthc ash-pit, asshown in figs, 2and 5. This casing'may be made of metal, or it mayconsist ofbrick-worlr built up around Vthe heating-apparatus. v

'I protectthe lowerA ends of the coal-reservoir E, and'wallQD, where'theseparts are united to iorm the smoke-passage d and air-space G, bymeans of ironv, or ot' rebrick,'soapstone, black lead, or other suitablerefractory substance, which vis madeup in the form of a cylinder, insections 71, h, which sections have shoulders, i, formed on theirexternal surfaces, by which they are supported in place upon the annularlip Thse sec. tions 7L are made of the required shape, and 'securedtogether by means of two metal plates, c 7c", and vertical bolts H, asshown in figs. 7, 8, and 9. The top plate or flaring ring, k, protectsthe upper part of tlielining le, from injury by the descending coal inreservoir-E, and the lower shouldered ring c sustains the liningJi upon4the lipj. When thesese'gmcnts are nado wholly of iron they can beroastinthe required shape, and fitted in their place without the use of4 thenietal plates and vertical'bolts, as described. Two or more of thesegments or sections h make the cylinder complete, andV in this formthey may be put in place from' thebottom of th ei reservoir, and made toforma firm and substantial fixture.- They maybe readily removed forrepairing, without 1 taking the furnace asunder. 1

Having described the mode of constructing the stove or furnace, I willnow brieily describe the operation of the same.

The fire is started upon the grate, through-the frontdoor leading intothe combustion-chamber, after which the fuel is supplied through thecoalreservoir. Before coal is put in-to this reservoir, it is necessaryto draw out the damper g, and allow the gases to escape into ilue F',afterv which the door vleading into the passage or chute Jean ybevsafely opened. It will be seen that the damper g can be lopennl orclosed when .the front door' leading into thechute is closed. Y f Whenit is desired to shake the.g1ate, thedarnper a3 is4 opened, .so that thelight dust' and ashes will be drawn up through the pipe A?, instead'ol"escaping into the room from the ash-pit'door. This damper as is also a.perfect regulator to the draught-ot` the furnace, diminishing it'whileopen, and increasing it while closed.

The fire-brick lining being made. in sectionsQeach'section beinglsecured llirrnly between ring-segments, l

as described, is protected, itself', from inj ury, and serves to protectthe lower'ends of the reservoir-cylinder and wall D from the intenseheat -oi the tire.' By making ,this lining-of segnients, separatelysecured between "metal plates, Vthese segments caribe Aapplierltoord-removed from vthe .bottoni of the reservoir at pleasure, withoutdisturbing other parts of thestove or furnaczelzWhen these se'guientsaremade wholly of iron, they also serve to proteet -the lower end ofthe"reserv'oir-cylinderfand wall D freni the intense healtof the fire.They can also be applied/to orremoved fron; the bottom of' the reservoirat pleasure, without disturbing other parts of the stoveorfurn'ace.

By my invention, I not only heatthe'air which is allowed vto'circl.ilate through the'heating-ilues or charte bers', below the top of thecoal-reservoir, but I also provide' for heating air above 4'thisreservoir by heatingchanibers, which are Varranged abovoiit.' And whilethis is the case, I also provide for causing theheated prody ilcts ofcombustion to rise on all sides o f the furnaccfandthen pass'horizontllyover the coal-reservoir to u.

central outlet, thereby' securing an eqnabledistrihution of heatthro-ugh the stove, above the combustion-chamber,

and outside of the coal-reservoir.

I do not claim in'a.` basebnrning furnace anyco'mhination witha'sinuated body, nor do I claim any cornhi- `nation with the annularflue-ringev and short connecting-pipes e, nor doI claim the combinationof the annular flue-ring c', the short connecting-pipes e, andthefsliding damper g.

Having described my invention, what I clai Vas new,'anddes-ire'to'secure by Letters Patent, is-

I. In a base-burning stove or lfnrnace, whiohvhas a supply-cylindenlclaim an escape-passagefroru the l chute J through the'horizo'ntalpiped', or thehollow ring e",'into the ilue F, substantially asvdescribed.-`

'2. Providing tl'iev chute J, leading through one side of -the external.c asing'into .tlreylinder E, with a damper or valve,g, substantially asdescribed..v I. V. l

3. ,The constructionfof the double wall cylinder DID', annularchamber'dd, and air-passages ff, substantiallyin the manner shown anddescribed. i I I I' l v 4. v '.lbe' conrbination ofthe magazine E, outercasing H,with the hollowiopen-work section `F,'an d the annularlchamberd d with air-passagosf f, crossing it, of'a. base-burningair-heating furnace, substantially as d described.

l5. The combination of the magazine E,'central exit-flue F',and-ascending annuler liue 0l, leadingvfrom the re-chamber,substantially as and for the purpose described. L-

6. Conducting-the heated products of combustion, rising from there-po't, around and over thecoalsupply cylinder, (and discharging them`into a centralV flue, directly over the centre ofthe saidsupply-eylinder,) in combination with warm-air chamber Grand G, suchchamber being enclosed bywall H, all for the`purp0se of heating air'.which is to be used for warminghapartments, substantially -as described.

T. Making the ironfprote'ctor or the guard-plates c of the J.dre-bricks(lorjtheir equivalents) portable segments, so that they may be removedthrough the lower end of the magazine E, substantially as described.

'8. I claim, in the construction of a base-bnrning air-heating furnace,having a magazine, E, an annular circulating-air chamber, and anannularsmoke-passage, bothb surrounding said magazine; and situatedbetween the same and the annular` wall I), the inclined chute or passageJ', provided with a valve, g, andfgasLeseapc conduit, and adapted toserve as a rneans for introducing coal into the magazine from a pointwhich. is' belowA the top of the outer casing, substantially asdescribed. v

9. The flaring arched opening of the ash-pit- A, forined'hy theinclincdplato asnbstnnti'nlly as described.

10. The combination of the sectional lining hh with annular circulatingspace G and v jacket orwnll D. substantially in the manner described andshown. I A

11. The combination ot' the `magazine E, damper or ralveg, thehorizontal'pipel or pipes d', and the hollow ringe', substantially asdescribed.

l2. The-arrangement ot' l'l'ues d and e so that theycan be cleaned hyusingaflexible-handled brush from inside of the door leading into thecoul-supply cylinder or reservoir, substnntiallylas described;

13. In a base-burning air-heating furnace,"having a magazine, E,II claima doorway orv passage, provided with a door or window, and openingi'ntop'the combustion-chamber` through tire outer casing of the furnace,substantiallyas described.

14. In a base-burninnr air-heatinff Furnace lnrvin1r a maoazine- EIelnim a ussaco covered h a door ory D a 9 x: a 7 2 a Y window, andleading into the combustion-chamber, through and across thenir-chainbcrformed by the exterior case or Welland the outer wall of the furnace,substantially in the manner and for the purposesv described.

JAMES GRAY..

Witnesses:

T. W. Srnvnns, HERMAN H. Russ.

